Q) What is the DNA finger Printing? Explain how it is done. Write it’s Forensic Application?(Group-I,2016)
Ans:
DNA Finger Printing:-
DNA Fingerprinting or DNA Profiling is the technique of establishing the identity of person using the DNA sequences unique to each person.
In human DNA, there are VNTR(Variable Number Tandem Repeats), STR(Short Tandem Repeats) and Mini satellites, which are unique to each individuals. By establishing the VNTR, STR and Mini Satellite repeats of the individual, one can identify the person.
Process Involved:-
- Samples of Human like hair or blood or any other things related human are taken, from which DNA fragments are taken by using enzyme called Restriction Endonuclease, which cuts the sequences of the DNA.
- The DNA samples are later shifted gel and made it to go through the electrophoresis. This process is called Gel-Electrophoresis, where DNA fragments are differentiated as per the molecular weight and Charge they are carrying.
- In such differentiated Fragments, Unique VNTR, STR and Mini satellites are found by using Souther Blotting Technique.
Forensic Applications of DNA Fingerprinting:-
It is useful —
- In identifying the persons in crimes like murders, burglary, rape, e.t.c.,
- In establishing the parent-child relation and relationships between the persons with 100% accuracy.
- In court settlements such as Inheritance of the property, e.t.c.,
- For accident victims, whose body parts can be identified using this technique.
- In identifying the bio-diversity and richness of the species in particular area.
These are some of the application of DNA profiling. It is useful in establishing the evidences in scientific way and reduces the chances of incarceration of innocents.