Q) What are Bio-Pesticides? Write about the different types of biopesticides with suitable examples?
Ans:-
Bio-Pesticides are naturally deriving chemicals, which can be used against the Bacteria, Fungus, Virus, Weeds and other agents, which reduces the growth and productivity of the plant.
Types of Bio-Pesticides:-
- Botanica Pesticides
- Microbial Pesticides
- Biochemical Biopesticides
Botanical Pesticides:-
These pesticides are derived from the plants.
Example:-
- Chemicals extracted from Neem are effectively used against the Insects and Fungus.
- Chemicals extracted from Garlic is used against the Ergot disease in Maize
- Chemicals extracted from Turmeric and Marigold plant are used as insecticide
- Chemicals extracted from Bhel(మారేడు లేదా బిల్వము), Henna Plants and Betel tree are used as Fungicide.
- Chemicals extracted from Datura(ఉమ్మెత్త) are used against the Fungus in wheat and Paddy crops.
Microbial Insecticide:-
Microbes such as Fungus, Bacteria and Virus are used as Pesticides.
Example:-
- Bacteria:-
Bacillus Thuringensis, a bacteria, fight against the insects harming the Cotton, Tomato and other crops.
- Fungus:-
Trichoderma, a fungus, whose spores are used agains the Insect pests and Their Larvae
- Virus:-
Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus acts against Helianthus insects, which harms the Cotton, Paddy, wheat, Maize, e.t.c.,
BioChemical Biopesticides:- These are sex pheromones of insects, which acts as the sex attractants between male and female insects. Hence, they can be used to attract insects of opposite sex which can be trapped.
These are the bio-Pesticides that are useful in controlling the pests, insects and other, which are harming the crops and plants. Bio-Pesticides dont do harm to environment and they also enrich the soil conditions, which are necessary for high productivity.